A
1+ - What we all call up an "outbound" cross country call such as whenever you dial that (one as well the area code and also number)
10xxx - The general rendering intended for an "access code" that allows a telephone to become sent more than a service provider in which this tier currently being used is not really "PICed" to.
800 - What all of us call a strong "inbound" contact that is certainly no cost for the caller as the toll charge is usually reversed and presents itself for the bill on the "callee".
abbreviated calling - The potential of an phone end user to achieve frequently labeled quantities utilizing fewer compared to seven digits. Synonym: Speed Dialing.
access - (1) Point what place connection is usually gained into some sort of world or even some sort of network. May be changed as well as dedicated. (2) Ability to have files coming from a backup machine or maybe peripheral. (3) Type conn ected with network in between CPE and also network.
access charge - A rate compensated by long-distance service providers to local telephone organizations pertaining to using local facilities, in addition to by means of cellular phone customers to receive usage of local networks.
access code - Preliminary digits your end user will be necessary to dial for being related into a unique trunk group, funnel or perhaps line. (2) A brief collection with digits allowing a person to view a particular facility, service, characteristic or perform of a telecoms community and also computer system system (see also 10xxx).
access control - (1) Action obtained to allow common make use of in the features of your communications system. (2) The projects done by way of hardware, software and administrative equipment to be able to observe process operation, be sure data integrity, conduct consumer identification, document technique entry as well as alterations as well as give customers access.
access line - A circuit somewhere between your customer including a turning center. Any collection presenting use of a larger system or maybe network. Also, the non-public traces providing your typical command switching understanding or even increased confidential changed communications service move coming from a PBX.
access process - (1) A technique for relocating data, words or maybe video clip concerning main storeroom and input/output devices. (2) In neighborhood networks, that procedure and/or application computer code utilized to establish using the actual communications carrier by according admittance selectively to man or women stations.
access conjunction - The switching procedure to produce supply regarding coming initially from or terminating traffic concerning End Offices and the Interexchange Carrier's Point-of-Termination. An Access Tandem is usually familiar with send originating or terminating t argeted visitors among a CLEC finish office in addition to a great intraLATA toll point or perhaps a strong Interexchange Carrier's Point of Termination
account - Within billing terminology, this represents a customer's product or service location.
account rule - Two-digit computer code associated with an authorization code, identifying the particular caller.
acknowledge figure (ack) - A transmission command personality transmitted being a yes , definitely result to a connecting place so they can a sender. [May additionally become used as a possible correctness manage character.]
acoustic coupler - A exceptional kind of modem that will switches acoustic energy (sound waves) directly into electric energy, enabling a normal telephone phone to become attached with a laptop or computer or even info terminal regarding info transmission.
adaptive convert coding - An music coding algorithm.
address handle - (1) In a speaking network, your distinguishing name of an business in which will be pieces of paper and/or practically distinct. (2) The place of the message. (3) In software, a spot which could be specially introduced to help in the program. It could consult a hard drive location, a terminal, a peripheral device, a cursor site and also every other product or maybe aspect in a very laptop or compute r network.
agent - A particular person or even company in which functions about benefit associated with another. Typically individuals as well as providers that will market the ideas on the carrier and also gear professional since in the event these were a strong worker associated with your tote and also provider.
aggregator - An unbiased entity that will provides numerous subscribers together to form an organization which will attain long-distance services at reduced rates. The Interexchange provider bills subscribers. The aggregator only provides the initial package set-up. airfare miles - Calculated point-to-point distance in between port facilities.
alarm - A visual or even audio transmission which signifies in which an problem includes developed or maybe a strong unnatural problem exists.
algorithm - A prescribed by doctors number of well-defined principles intended for the answer for any of the challenge from a specific numbe r of steps. For case in point your entire declaration connected with an arithmetic procedure with regard to evaluating sine times with a suggested precision.
all trunks stressful (ATB) - A individual shade interrupted with a 120 desires per instant (ipm) quote for you to suggest all lines or even trunks from a routing group will be busy.
allocate - To assign some sort of source pertaining to used in carrying out a particular task.
alpha examination - The stage throughout the research plus progression of a brand new supplement during which a prototype involving the product is operated to find out whether your program strategy and style usually are functional. Stage to spot places this need further development and/or enhancement.
alpha-geometric - A high quality videotex display technique. [Pictures are made by guidance including catch the attention of some sort of line, bring a new circle, load inside an area. Picture description is determined by the resolution capacity with the present terminal.]
alpha-mosaic - A lower resolution block-oriented videotex present technique. Picture description will be preset at 64 by simply 60 elements, or even pixels, whatever this resolution ability of the show terminal.
alternate Access - A kind with local access in which that professional is definitely not a nearby exchange carrier, although a firm authorised to provide local access.
alternate route - A secondary speaking avenue familiar with accomplish a destination if your most important path is unavailable.
alternate voice data (AVD) - A solitary transmission capability which may be employed for possibly tone of voice or data.
American Standard Code intended for Information Interchange (ACSII) - A code using seven facts data as well as just one parity test signal, designed for interworking in between computers (i.e., the particular transmittal involving text) . The most in-demand coding method employed by computers intended for changing letters, numbers, punctuation as well as manage rules along with electronic form.
amplifier - (1) Device which receives an enter indicate inside wave mode along with components your zoomed signal. (2) Electronic gadget employed to improve sign strength or maybe amplitude.
analog - A tranny method utilizing a new uninterrupted (rather compared to pulsed or perhaps digital) electrical signal this differs with amplitude as well as consistency in response to help variations involving sound, light, position, etc., imposed over a transducer from the mailing device; reverse with digital.
analog signal - A mark within the mode of an constant diverse real volume just like voltage -which shows versions in certain quantity; or perhaps loudness in the human voice compared with digital.
answerback - A transmission provided by the info receiver with a records transmit ter indicating it is prepared to be given data, or is usually acknowledging that bill regarding data. [The answerback is definitely normally portion of this "handshaking" among devices.]
answer watch - (1) An off-hook mark indicating when the particular referred to as gathering answers; helpful to study demands billing purposes. (2) A signal generated from the coming initially from switch (hardware answer supervision) or by the swap which terminates this name (software reply supervision, as soon as FGA as well as WATS is needed to help terminate the actual call).
append - To change or perhaps alter a record or perhaps program.
application layer - The leading part in the OSI seven-layer realistic construction pertaining to files services; the actual end-user layer.
applications software package - The directions that direct the actual components to do certain functions. Common software applications include things like payroll, produc ts on hand manipulate as well as electronic spreadsheets.
architecture - The relationships involving appliance and computer software in a very computing process to accomplish your nearly all economic, efficient, secure, quick or low-maintenance system.
archive - A method to get switching facts from a strong on-line hard drive diskette or even storage area area to a great off-line storage medium.
area code - The three-digit numbering program area value in North America which in turn permits special long distance dialing about the telephone system. Synonym: Numbering Plan Area (NPA).
artificial data - The functionality of an laptop to perform performs that happen to be generally connected with human intelligence, just like reasoning, mastering as well as self-improvement.
assembler - (1) A software capable of translating assemblage rule into digit code. The earliest major phase inside automation connected with application development. Permitting representational (i.e., named) personal references that will storeroom locations, instead of requiring the employ involving numbers, and reducing having a that will application in binary as well as additional device language. Synonym: set up program.
assembly code - Programming terms by using phrases that will be directions or perhaps declarations. The instructions ordinarily have a one-to-one correspondence along with device instructions.
assign - To provide a fresh benefit to somewhat of a changing through the working regarding a program.
asterisk laws and regulations - Gives consumers the suitable to express they do not wish to receive advertising and marketing calls by picking out to have a good asterisk close to their these people : within the telephone book. The asterisk suggests "no cell phone solicitations."
asynchronous computer - A laptop by which just about every function commences as a result on the sign earned by the achievement with the previous operation, or maybe with the access associated with your elements on the laptop required through our next function and also operation.
asynchronous tranny - (1) A manner connected with data marketing and sales communications tranny through which time frame intervals in between transmitted figures may possibly be of unequal length. (2) Transmission alone taken care of through start along with stop features from the outset in addition to end of each character. Synonym: start-stop transmission.
attenuation - Reduction in power grade on account of line resistance, leakage or even induction that ends up with the actual acquired sign staying decrease with volume than the initial transmitted signal. [In optical fiber programs right now there are usually some other reasons for attenuation, including absorption, spreading and profits / losses into radiation modes. It is frequently expressed within decibel (dB) .]
audible ringing develop - The tips tone despatched returning to that calling get together to help indicate the actual named line can be currently being rung.
audio response unit (ARU) - Output device which provides some sort of been vocal solution to handheld inquiries from your mobile phone and also alternative device. The result is often assembled by way of a computer from your prerecorded vocabulary associated with words.
authorization code - (1) Code this pinpoints the actual customer, and is utilised to get billing reasons along with validation by the switch. (2) An i . d . number in which this consumer goes in whenever setting a call.
auto-dial - Automatic dialing; the capacity of your terminal, modem, computer system or even much the same system place a call and identify to connect on the switched phone number multi-level devoid of driver intervention.
automatic call up distributor (ACD) - A switching system me ant to line and/or distribute a huge volume regarding inward telephone calls for the up coming on the market "answering" placement amongst an organization with attendants.
automatic callback - A element of a marketing and sales communications system or circle which records, which enable it to dial, the beginning phone amount of one more inbound call.
automatic dialing system - A device which usually instantly yields a fixed set of calling digits if the equivalent switch can be pushed.
automatic message-switching center - In a devices network, place where announcements usually are instantly redirected in accordance with routing information from the message.
automatic amount identification (ANI) - The number discovering equipment with neighborhood dial places of work and also provided for communication accounting apparatus; a final four phone numbers of your seven-digit phone number.
automatic path range (ARS) - Device (or software) that chooses the minimum price route to get long-distance telephone calls through particular traces or maybe services, which include WATS, leased, specialized non-Bell common providers (MCI, Sprint) or even immediate way away dialing (DDD). Synonym: Least Cost Routing.
auxiliary equipment - Equipment not necessarily underneath direct control from the fundamental control unit. Synonym: additional equipment.
availability - (1) The level to that your method or maybe reference will be operable without inside a state with congestion or even failure from any kind of granted stage in time. (2) The percent regarding overall trunks in a collection which can be seen with a specific switch.
B
background bit mistake relation (BBER) - (1) The relative amount belonging to the availablility of rolls with miscalculation for the whole number of portions received, unique involving mistake bursts, over the particular way of measuring period. (2) The error operation with the program within typical operations plus does possibly not contain fault bursts attributable to range switching, maintenance, activity, etc. [An end-to-end BBER is just not chosen regarding electronic digital personal series due to diverse error supply regarding entry connection.]
background faults - Errors that appear through natural functioning of the system. They typically occur a single at this time or perhaps a number of in the time.
backup - The provision, valid and also physical, of features to be able to swiftness the method connected with restart as well as healing next failure. Facilities might consist of copied records involving transactions, intermittent throwing of core or supporting storage contents, copied processors, storage devices, terminals, telecom hardware or perhaps this knobs that will outcome a new changeover.
band - (1) The array involving frequencies somewhere between two identified limits.
bandwidth - (1) The change among the top plus bottom confining frequencies of an uninterrupted rate band. (2) Indicates the actual information-carrying capacity of the channel. Analog transmission typically depicted throughout kHz and also MHz; digital camera transmission, bps, Mbps. Fiber-optic bandwidth is often given seeing that it is power to transmit information inside a distinct time frame for a specific length. (e.g. 10 Mbps/KM.) (3) Expressed in various measurements according to transmission type.
bar-code code reader - (1) Optical personality reader. A system helpful to learn bar-codes by way of reflected light, for example scanning devices that will examine the Universal Product Codes on grocery store products.
basic telecoms accessibility approach (BTAM) - An admittance method that creates read/write communications with online computer repair devices.
baud - (1) A unit with signaling speed. (2) A device of records transmission speed measured throughout bits per second. [The swiftness with baud will be quantity of unobtrusive illnesses and also indicate elements each second. If every single function presents only one bit condition, and then baud will be identical to chuncks per second.]
baud quote - A assess connected with signaling swiftness with information communications of which specifies the maximum number of signal aspects transported just about every second. [Over dial-up telephone lines, more than 200 in addition to 1200 baud tend to be the majority of common. For most purposes, at sluggish speeds, a baud rate is the same as the particular rate throughout chuncks per second. Baud rate is just like bit price in the event most of parts have the same length.]
Bell Operating Company (BOC) - Any in the 22 community Bell mobile phone companies owned or operated by means of AT&T ahead of divest iture. The independent BOCs supply primary usage of the actual interexchange carriers. See RBOC.
BETA examination - The phase that a brand new merchandise can be examined under precise consumption conditions. The intent behind beta screening could be to discover as well as correct possibilities problems just before client internet marketing begins. Follows Alpha Testing.
bid - (1) An try and achieve control over a series so as to transmit data. (2) Usually connected with contention style of sharing an individual tier involving several terminals. [Non-uniform time-outs with just about every terminal for reinstituting some sort of bid when the series is definitely active offer assurance that every port might have usage of the actual line.
billed cellular phone number (BTN) - The "main number" of any customer's program how the LEC employs being a customer's account number. It is generally also a real ANI. Will normally have WTNs involved using i t. Every separate, different cell phone bill a customer gets will certainly typically employ a distinct BTN.
billing bike - A constant time frame involving traffic cut-off goes which precedes shopper billing. Cycles can even be 30 days.
binary - A amount system with twos relatively compared to tens thinking that purposes only a couple of characters, zero (0) your decide one (1).
binary digit - Unit of info in two-level digital camera notation which may be 0 or even 1. A representative decided on from the binary set.
binary synchronous transmission (BSC and also bisync) - (1) Data transmission through which synchronization associated with characters is restricted by simply timing signs resulted in at the sending plus getting stations. (2) A half-duplex, character-oriented records devices protocol. Contrast by using asynchronous transmission.
bipolar - Literally, getting a couple of poles. An source signal is bipolar when one electric voltage polarity connotes a of course genuine feedback in addition to its face-to-face polarity shows a realistically phony input. Contrast along with unipolar.
bit - (1) The tiniest model of coded information. (2) A heart beat whose occurrence or perhaps layoff indicates data. Abbreviation to get binary digit.
bit period - (1) Equivalent on the occasion that it requires one particular encoded little bit for you to pass some sort of level for the tranny medium. (2) In serial communications, some sort of relative product of energy rating utilised for assessment of hesitate times where the files rate of an transmission route will vary (for case in point propagation delay, access latency).
bit quote - The amount that pieces (binary digits) tend to be transported more than a communications path. Normally depicted around bits per subsequent (bps). [The little bit rate is not really that they are baffled considering the data signaling quote that methods the pace of signal components currently being transmitted.]
bit copy rate - The variety of bits transported for every product time, commonly stated within rolls for every second (bps).
bit-oriented - Describes a marketing and sales communications process as well as transmission procedure wherever deal with info is encoded with derricks involving a number bits; driven toward full-duplex link operation.
bit map - A matrix with dots, every one of the same density, of which sort an image.
bits per second (bps) - The rate what place info transmission (binary digits) will be measured. See bit rate.
black common box - A common name accustomed to discover functional equipment segments, rather than circuitry, define each segment associated with a telecommunications system.
block - A chain regarding records, terms or even heroes addressed being a realistic entity. Blocks usually are separated by way o f interblock gaps, and each and every obstruct may incorporate a number records.
block error price examination (BLERT) - (1) In data devices testing, your relative amount concerning the sum of the number of blocks transmitted within a provided communication as well as amount associated with hindrances for the reason that information obtained around error. (2) A gauge of the quality on the data transmission.
block length - A evaluate of the dimensions of your block, usually described in models including records, words, computer terms or perhaps characters.
blocked telephone calls - All tried calls which can be possibly not connected. Two most familiar reasons why you are non-connections: most of wrinkles towards the central workplaces are usually in use; all connecting walkways in the PBX/switch are developing use.
blocking - (1) Engineering rule involving common time frame a new user will wait though your call looks for that many e conomical route; averse to queuing wherever a phone waits for that many reasonable route. (2) Inability to ascertain the latest contact due to the inaccessibility involving comforts inside the system getting called. Measured under score of company applying "P" factor.
Bell Operating Company (BOC) - Another appoint for that LEC, "baby bell" or area phone company.
bomb - To fail or crash.
booting - Technique to get launching a plan in to a computer's memory when the program's initial guidance one on one the launching from the remainder on the program. Usually, your number of manual guidance need to be entered for a keyboard, or maybe some sort of transition enforced that will resume the actual process.
bootstrap loader - An insight regime through which easy predetermined laptop or computer operations are used for you to load guidelines in which therefore cause further instructions being rich right up until that complete computer syst em program is within storage. [The term looks at that program "pulling per se in place by way of its bootstraps."]
break - (1) To interrupt your transmitting of an message along with consider manage belonging to the circuit with this receiving end. (2) An interruption throughout continuity.
breakout box - A gadget which allows entry to individual things on a bodily user interface connector to get examining as well as monitoring.
breakout panel - A breakout field postioned as being a element some larger device.
bridge, linking - Equipment along with techniques utilized to go with circuits to each other guaranteeing bare minimum transmission impairment. [Bridging is normally required about multipoint records programmes were several nearby loops or maybe routes are generally interconnected.
broadband - (1) A transmission factory having a bandwidth involving in excess of 20 kHz and, therefore, capable of higher-speed info tr ansmission. (2) Analog transmission process employed together with records and also movie transmissions to produce multiple routes for users through frequency department multiplexing.
broadcast - Transmission to somewhat of a availablility of receiving locations simultaneously.
browser - Software utilized to gain access to online network, e.g., Netscape and also Internet Explorer.
buffer - (1) A high-speed class of storage that is certainly temporarily set-aside intended for make use of throughout working your input/output operation straight into which in turn files is actually learn or maybe that records is definitely written. (2) Used to amass data in to prevents connected with enough dimension to become handled efficiently with a processor or terminal. Synonym: I/O area.
bug - (1) A miscalculation and also malfunction. (2) A plan defect or perhaps error. [In 1946 Grace Hopper recognized a challenge along with a great Eniac lapto p for the University of Pennsylvania. Investigation discovered an insect lodged inside the computer creating the actual malfunction. Hopper's exclamation, "There's a annoy while in the computer," coined some sort of innovative concept with regard to laptop error.]
bulletin table - An electronic concept center attainable through computer-aided verbal exchanges lines.
burst - A pattern of signals around information speaking mentioned as you component prior to several certain criterion or measure.
burst errors - Bits or even data displaced as a result of these kinds of problems as brand turning as well as multiplex switching. [Typically will involve some 1000 problems as well as misplaced chuncks at a time.]
bus - (1) A heavy conductor, or maybe number of conductors, in order to which often several items with the very same kind of machines may be connected. (2) A method or route intended for transmitting power signals and data, usuall y among a new personal computer plus peripheral equipment.
busy - Call condition through which transmission facilities were in use. Synonym: off-hook condition.
busy hour - (1) The maximum 60 units after a small business evening should the premier volume with marketing communications traffic will be handled. (2) When telephone lines are most popular and/or most used.
busy sculpt - A sole tone that is definitely interrupted at sixty ipm (impulses each minute) amount that will show that the call's terminating area has already been with use.
bypass - When your consumer avoids using the LEC for connecting to help their long-distance carrier
byte - (1) The representation of a character. (2) A number of eight rolls makes a byte. Typically a 16-bit "word" is definitely itself broken down towards two bytes to get handling. (3) Unit with way of measuring utilized to be able to price hard drive capacity of disks; usually the tinie st addressable model connected with data within a files store or maybe memory. One 1000 bytes is really a kilobyte; one million bytes is often a megabyte.
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